1. For reliable connections Which layer of the OSI model I must responsible?
For a reliable connection the transport layer is responsible.
2. Mention the main difference between recognition and handshake?
The acknowledgment is just a message that convey the sender that the receiver receives the data successfully. The handshake is used to transmit the properties of the connection being established.
3. Congestion occurs? When?
Network congestion occurred due to the access to the same bandwidth by many users simultaneously and is an alternative network segmentation.
4. Routing means?
Routing is the process of finding the shortest way to connect the source to the destination. This process is accomplished by routers on the network.
5. In terms of networking What is the window?
A window is segment sets that is allowed to be sent from the source to the destination before the acknowledgment is sent back to him.
6. VLAN stands for?
Virtual LAN or VLAN is a logical segment group network connected to administratively defined ports on a switch, they broadcast control, flexibility and security.
7. Undercompensated Means? Why is it used?
It is used to break up the largest network into smaller subnets, used in IP networks. Basically used to minimize network traffic, performance optimization and network management.
8. Describe the communication and how it is different from the transmission?
Means of communication data exchange between source and destination. Whereas, the transmission refers only transfer data from source to receiver.
9. Two router interface is configured with 192.168.1.1 IP addresses; subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 network and the IP address 192.168.2.1, 255.255.255.0 subnet mask. Is the router's routing table contain no information? provide explanations
The router would have to perform an AND operation with the IP address and subnet mask when the interface is configured. This is finally given a network address and after setting for the interface, two entries will be available in routing tables that are 192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 and 192.168.1.1 are network address 192.168.2.1 respectively.
10. Can fill divide a network into smaller segments?
No, no, it only filters the major networks without changing their size.
11. Explain the role of LLC sublayer?
Logic underlay link control provides controlled or optional services at the network layer with start and stop codes. It also performs error correction.
12. What is RAID in CCNA?
A method to standardize and categorize tolerant disk systems fault. Some servers use the three RAID: RAID level 0 (stripping), RAID level 1 (mirrored) and Radi 5 (stripping and parity).
13. List the two types of transmission technology?
unicast transmission technologies and are available in the CCNA.
14. What is point to point transport protocol?
It is an industry standard for the exchange of multiport datagrams is done using the protocol that provides point to point connection.
15. What are the possible means of exchanging data?
There are only three types of means to exchange data namely Simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex.
16. What is the difference between the baseband and broadband services?
If the transmission is in the baseband, the entire cable is consumed by the single signal. Whereas, in the broadband transmission, the signals are sent on multiple frequencies, which allows multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously.
17. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. In the reliable transmission TCP is done. UDP is less reliable TCP.
18. Explain main difference between public IP and private IP address?
public IP address must be unique that is assigned to a company. private address can be used by anyone on the private network because it does not recognize the Internet.
19. What is the latency?
Latency is the time duration which is measured from the time point at which a device receives a data frame to the time it sends back to another network segment.
20. What is Frame Relay?
Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that offers connection-oriented by implementing and maintaining virtual circuits. It has a high performance rating and operates at the data link and physical layers.
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21. What is Transmission?
The Transfer of data from source to destination is called Transmission.
22. What is communication?
The Process of sending and receiving data by means of external data cable is called communication.
23. What is the advantage of subnetting?
Subnetting is used to break larger networks in to smaller which reduce network traffic and optimize network performance with simplified management in IP Networks.
24. What is the functionality of VLAN?
VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is nothing but logical grouping of a network connected ports on a switch
25. What is the functionality of PING?
PING stands for Packet Internet Gopher. It is a utility which verifies one or more remote host connections. It is mainly meant for diagnosing IP network on system.
26. Define Hub?
The main job of Hub is that anything comes in to the port is sent out to the others .It Operates at Physical Layer. It has single collision domain and single broadcast domain.
27. Define Switch?
A Device that filters/forwards packets between LAN Segments. It Operates at Data Link Layer and creates separate collision domains and have single broadcast domain.
28. What is Router?
Routing is performed by using a dedicated device called Router. It forwards data packets along networks.
29. Define Routing?
It is a process of forwarding data from source to destination by selecting best paths of network.
30. What is Protocol?
Protocol is a set of rules or instructions which enable two or more devices to connect and transmit data to each other.
31. What is the use of ICMP Protocol?
ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol. It is a network layer internet protocol which reports error and status information. We can even detect host communication failures and troubleshooting connectivity issues.
32. Define Network Subnet?
Network Subnet is the subdivision of IP network
33. Define Mesh Network?
If multiple network links between computers provide multiple paths for data to travel then such networks are called Mesh Networks.
34. Define Passive Topology in CCNA?
Passive Topology Networks are networks which doesn’t amplify the signals .They simply listen and receive signals on the network.
35. Mention the different types of Networks?
Peer-to-Peer and Server based are the two different types of networks.
36. What is broadband transmission in CCNA?
If signals are allowed to sent on multiple frequencies simultaneously it is called broadband transmission.
37. What is baseband transmission in CCNA?
If the entire bandwidth of cable is consumed by a single signal then it is called baseband transmission.
38. Mention the different ways of data exchange in CCNA?
Simplex, Half-duplex and Full-Duplex are the different ways of data exchange in CCNA.
39. Mention the different types of Transmission Technologies in CCNA?
Point-Point and Broadcast are the two different transmission Technologies in CCNA.
40. What is RAID?
RAID stands for Redundant Array for Inexpensive disks. It is mainly used to standardize and to categorize fault tolerant systems. It combines multiple physical drive components in to one logical unit for data redundancy and improvement.
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